Lombard conception of justice

In spite of the fact that it is next to no known about the particular subtleties of Lombard life, the Lombard legitimate codes have been saved for a cutting edge age in a Latin report known as the Lombard Laws. The gathering of editors has masterminded a wide assortment of readings, identified with the advancement of Western development, from different chronicled ages and all areas of Europe under the title Perspectives from the Past: Primary Sources in Western Civilizations. In this book in Chapter 8 called Rome’s Three Heirs: The Byzantine, Islamic, and Early Medieval Worlds we can locate a solid wellspring of data on Lombard enactment idea. The Lombard Laws were introduced in a codification of the common German traditions identifying with family, authority, marriage, social commitment, assets, and settling clashes. These Laws were recorded between the center of the seventh and the center of the eighth hundreds of years under the course of a few Lombard rulers. The prior laws were given by King Rothair in 643. The Lombard Laws halfway were planned for maintaining a strategic distance from the blood quarrel or feud. This was a sort of conventional type of review in the public arena around then. On the off chance that an individual from the tribe was wronged, his family would regularly harm or murder the culpable party, propelling a blood quarrel that could keep going for ages. Nonetheless, during the change to cultivating life and living in fixed networks, customary techniques for viciousness and requital could have upset the populace to an extreme. In this way the Lombard Kings tried to supplant fierce blood quarrels with a financial punishment considered creation that was paid straightforwardly to the individual hurt by a wrongdoing (or their family). These punishments were communicated in solidi (a fiscal unit), and they were firmly identified with the wergeld (individual worth) of a person in the public arena. Likewise the laws served for severe security of the property and produce of a family. For instance wrongdoing of selling another man's property without authorization involved intense ramifications for the infringer †the liable party is required to restore the taken property eightfold, except if they can declare their honesty before witnesses. The utilization of witnesses affirms the expanding refinement of the Lombard society. These laws are significant according to verifiable perspective to the extent they present the portrayal of the qualities and convictions of early medieval Italians and give the image of how another realm is established (that is a Germanic, uneducated culture converges with a Roman, proficient one). References: Brophy, James, et al. Points of view from the Past: Primary Sources in Western Civilizations. second ed. 2 vols. W.W. Norton and Company, 2002.

Productivity between departments :: essays research papers

Presentation A decent connection between interior clients from isolated offices improves profitability and takes out squanders. There are three particular offices in the association I work for, evaluating, creation and fund. The connection between these offices and how they convey is indispensable in the progression of work starting with one from one office then onto the next, and at last the progression of work to our outer clients. Somewhat every one of the offices is connected to the others, depending on one another to have the option to finish their different objectives. To perform effectively, every office in an association needs to move in the direction of gathering objectives and dreams. â€Å"A all around created bunch vision fills in as an umbrella under which can be assembled a huge assortment of individual points steady with it.† (Whitley, 1991 pp28). In the event that an organization is going to run viably, every division needs to impart in a way where essential data can be gotten to without any problem. A culture between divisions of being a piece of a general group should be reared into an association. Every office needs to progress in the direction of â€Å"shared ways of thinking, philosophies, values, convictions, desires and norms† (Doraisamy, Internal Marketing slide 12). Similarly as critical to a work culture is a culture outside of typical working hours, it is said that ‘a group that plays together works together’. Conversation I work for an association that has 3 workplaces in the one structure, one for evaluating, one for fund and one for creation. Albeit every office conveys to a degree what they are doing, individuals appear to find out about their own area of expertise then the one close to them. When seven days all offices meet to talk where they are and what they are doing and what parts of their employments are going to influence different divisions. Every division appears to have a dream of what their specialties objectives are yet there is a requirement for â€Å"aligning all the associations parts so they cooperate for an alluring goal† Whitley, 1991 pp22. In the creation office I depend on evaluating to give work a practical spending plan and fund to oversee and report the money related assets that I am consuming. In like manner, assessing depends on me to tell them how they are performing and how they can change their citing to precisely take into they level of spending I require. Fund depends on me to furnish them with the data that they require to precisely monitor consumptions and to keep them educated regarding work progress so they know when and the amount to receipt.

Develop arguments pro and con with respect to customized pricing. What Essay

Create contentions professional and con concerning modified evaluating. What are the distinctions in executing the strategy across dif - Essay Example This causes heaps of rivalry between different stores. Numerous different stores will drop the item's cost so as to pick up income from it. Now and again different stores will drop their item cost so low they lose income. A genuine model would be B-to-B magazine. In the event that the retail location determined the income from different stores in the zone, the retail location could think of a lower cost to pull in clients. The cons of opening up two stores in two distinct towns may cause the retail location to lose cash. Modified evaluating is dictated by the area in the town. Considering the two retail locations will be in two unique towns they should pass by the redid valuing terms. A large number of the costs seen at one retail location may not be seen at the other retail location. Contingent upon what item the client is searching for, the individual in question may need to drive from town to town to get the less expensive cost for the item. At some point or another it will resemb le the two second hand shops from various towns will contend. Another genuine model would be B-to-B magazine. On the off chance that the retail location sold the magazine at an extremely modest cost, the store may not get a large enough income. The advantages and disadvantages of utilizing modified valuing are equivalent. It just relies upon what sort of retail location that individual needs to open up, or whether he needs to open up more than one store.

Why the civil acts rights of 1875 failed and the civil acts rights act Research Paper

Why the common demonstrations privileges of 1875 fizzled and the common demonstrations rights demonstration of 1964 succeeded - Research Paper Example Practically 50% of the nation consented to cancel subjection, affluent proprietors of ranches in the southern States couldn't consent to such lost modest workforce. Individuals were depleted by the Civil War going on for a long time. Economy of the nation was likewise going down as a result of destroying impacts of the Civil War. Enormous urban communities and humble communities were harmed beginning from houses and closure with streets and railways. Presented in 1870, the Civil Rights Act turned into a law just in 1875. A large portion of the Southern Republicans were against this law. Notwithstanding, it was go According to the Civil Rights Act â€Å"equality of men under the steady gaze of law† was perceived. One of the obligations of government was â€Å"mete out equivalent and accurate equity to all, of whatever nativity, race, shading, or influence, strict or political†.1 Therefore, treating individuals similarly in all the circles of open movement and public activity needed to get one of the privileges of American culture. In any case, not long after establishment of this law, in 1883, the Supreme Courte pronounced this law unconstitutional.2 This law offered by Senator Summers was one of the major viable activities of Reconstruction. Despite the fact that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 â€Å"outlawed racial isolation in open lodging and restricted the avoidance of blacks from jury duty†,3 it despite everything was dubious in certain angles. Above all else, the law did exclude access of African Americans to numerous significant open places, for example, schools, graveyards, strict foundations, and so forth. Social privileges of Americans turned into their social equality as indicated by the arrangements of this law. Besides, this law permitted isolated schools instead of requiring blended tutoring. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was announced in the hour of the social agitation. The significant development for social correspondence was started by Martin Luther King. Fighting men, ladies, and kids were seriously beaten by police in Birmingham, Alabama. American president John F. Kennedy was significantly

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) From USA to India

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) From USA to India Part NO.1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION: The business condition is changing quickly as of late and is influencing business everywhere throughout the world. The administration of different organizations are searching for an approach to limit the expense so the benefit can be amplified. This will guarantee business development and maintainability. Consequently numerous universal organizations are receiving the re-appropriating so as to limit the cost where there is less capability. IBM Daksh is one of the significant Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) organization in India where numerous Multi National Companies (MNC) have redistributed their business. The motivation behind this proposition is to assist me with arranging my thoughts and explain my musings. I would likewise utilize this proposition to persuade my crowd that this exploration proposition is possible. My working title of the subject regions is BPO industry in India. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: The examination explores BPO from USA to India, a contextual investigation in IBM Daksh, how BPO has affected on India with alternate points of view. Receiving subjective contextual analysis look into technique, the associations by and large business methodology will be examined and how they re-appropriate their non center capacities to other ability organization. It will clarify the incorporation of redistribute with business techniques. This evaluation depends on the fact that BPO is rising as a market and has gotten progressively basic in European nations and it has become an extensive piece of business bargains. Examiners are assessing a striking income development of business process re-appropriate exchanges and dreaming that IT business process re-appropriating will contact arrive at your pinnacle of market. Specialists anticipate that BPO income will increment 13.8 percent every year. The most exact indicator of BPO advertise said that overall BPO industry US$7.5 million out of 2009 and US$11.9 by 2012, while McKinsey had anticipated that overall BPO will be US$500 billion by 2008 that nearly has demonstrated over the most recent 3 years. Halvey, John K (2007) characterizes business process redistributing as re-appropriating of at least one business procedures to an outsider seller who is a specialist of those capacities. BPO centers around the general procedure to limit the cost and augment benefits. As the opposition develops comprehensively, all the associations must need to keep up a serious edge and should work all the more adequately so as to continue a situation in the market. In some sense associations need procure more income and need less operational expense. So in BPOs the executives went over to the merchant, who consequently resolves to diminish costs, offer successful types of assistance and increase consumer loyalty. With the IT re-appropriate market development, BPO clients are searching for greater efficiency, improve philosophies, sharing of assets and consumer loyalty. As the worldwide media transmission is quickest, organizations are moving work to universal merchants, albeit numerous nations have specialization in various fields. India, the center of business process re-appropriating has aptitude in building and specialized administrations. Chinese and Mexicans are master in assembling while U.S. examine the business forms in a compelling manner alongside innovativeness. Philippines are acceptable in regulatory abilities. There is no uncertainty that Indian BPO industry is progressively good goal of world. Indian BPO industry has numerous motivations to pull in European nations for contributing here. India has the biggest pool of workforce of minimal effort in fact sound, English talking and master in designing. Their telecom area has improved and meeting the U.S. re-appropriated call focus necessities. Furthermore being in fact sound, the Indian labor work at lower compensation in contrast with other created nations of the world. Adaptability in working hours is another significant fascination for created nations to work in Indian BPO. It is a direct result of various time zone and land conditions. Because of every one of these elements Indian BPO is most attractive business condition for European nations. The monetary development of any nation is significant for its development. BPO commitment to GDP is high continuously. For the time of 2003 the GDP commitment was 0.2, for 2003 was 0.5 and for the year 2009 was 2.5. This expanded commitment to Indian GDP shows that IT-BPO industry has noteworthy imprint in the countrys economy. Because of these a huge number of individuals get work. 1.2 REASONS FOR CHOSING THE TOPIC: Business process re-appropriating is getting progressively significant all through the world. BPOs may incorporate the IT the board and business tasks at a similar level; it is profoundly gainful for business forms. Additionally it includes the technique of center tasks of European nations with creating nations to get advantageous of lower cost. The United States showcase has been over all beneficial for Indian BPO organizations in view of the 12-hour administration provision, minimal effort labor and talented aptitude. Higher administration have likewise comprehended that for lower operational cost, it is basic to re-appropriate non-center capacity to outside ability. For feature this industry advantage the specialist has picked this point for his paper. 1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH: The fundamental goal of this exploration is to present the business preparing units. Why they have to appear and how they are gainful for Indias economy. For a long time each American organization has its business handling units in India and they are gaining immense sum. At that point the analyst discovers the different drivers and difficulties of Indian BPO Industry. Universal Business Machines (IBM) is an enormous organization of USA. This exploration is to investigate the reasons that why IBM has picked India for their business procedure unit. The components which are bolstered for India to keeping up its top situation in this area will be talked about also. The general goal of this thesis is to investigate the IBM Daksh which was begun in 2004, its best ten BPOs of India. What are the Impacts of BPO in India regarding economy? As a result of new IBM Daksh more openings for work are getting another age as of now this BPO is serving 25,000 representatives in India. How BPOs are inf luencing society and ways of life, instructive framework and Development of country regions as new tasks will give openings for work to rustic region individuals. To accomplish the points and destinations of the investigation, a portion of the inquiries are beneath which must be met, are as per the following: To clarify the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) To examine the different drivers and difficulties of Indian Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Industry To examine the opposition of India with different nations in regards to Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry To comprehend the drive of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) in India To examine quickly about International Business Machines (IBM) To research why International Business Machines (IBM) has picked India for IBM Daksh Examine the quick development of IBM Daksh in India To examine the effects of BPO industry in India as far as economy and Culture and way of life 1.4 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS: The writing shows that Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry has quickly expanded in India. The examination will explore the obstructions and difficulties of Indian BPO Industry. This will likewise feature the requesting drivers for Indian BPO industry. Analyst will connect with taking a gander at how the IBM has presented their BPO in India and how these means of association are adjusted to its key arranging process. Additionally the effect of BPO industry over Indias economy will likewise be examined. Contextual analysis conversation will investigate the BPO business in India and how India is driving in this industry. The striking development of IBM Daksh will likewise be talked about. 1.5 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY: With the changing patterns of business universally every enormous size association accentuation on cost decrease and viable quality administrations. To decrease the cost, associations delegate non-center elements of business process outside the association. The term BPO alludes to business process re-appropriating and it implies re-appropriating in all the parts. Mechanical changes are coordinating organizations with new patterns and BPO can be separated as far as utilizing new innovation and being executed by current one. This examination is essential to the innovative work for the Indian BPO and IBM Daksh, and furthermore similarly critical to the scientist. This investigation is helpful for HR chiefs at IBM Daksh to think once again into the techniques against holding the ability pool. Scientist contrasts the Indian BPO industry and other blossoming re-appropriate nations, this will allow to improve industry and fill their holes. At long last this exposition help the analyst increase a comprehension of a few essential ideas in BPO and upgrades his insight in the wake of counseling numerous books and diaries alongside online web sources. This will enable the specialist to assemble data about up and coming dangers for business process industry around the world. It will enable their administration to improve framework and worry about security issues. 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY: All through the world business patterns are changing and Information innovation is spreading over business procedures. Business process re-appropriating is additionally quickly developing industry with the high development of IT part all around where key players are India, China, Canada, South Africa and the Philippines. India is most valuable IT-BPO division in created nations. India is holding their clients of BPO industry by giving them minimal effort labor, capable in English and actually stable. They have minimal effort advantage when contrasted with other European nations. Time zone contrast and 24 hours administration provision is another key purpose of Indian BPO area. Due to every one of these components which make India progressively proficient and savvy BPO community for created c

How to Take Effective Notes Using Mind Maps - Focus

How to Take Effective Notes Using Mind Maps - Focus To add new information to our long-term memory, we need  to  process it, comprehend it, connect it with our existing mental frameworks, and review it multiple times. The ability to take effective notes forms the  basis for this process and is, therefore, an  invaluable skill both in academic and in business contexts. Unfortunately,  most of us are never actually taught how to take effective notes. But dont worry, in this article, well introduce  you to one of the most effective note-taking methods and show you exactly how to apply it in everyday life. The Problem with Linear Notes Think about it: Throughout our academic careers, from first grade through to graduation, we are told what to learn, but the standard curriculum hardly ever includes lessons on how to learn. This is why so many students still spend their study time highlighting passages in textbooks and summarizing chapters, when research has conclusively shown that those study methods are actually the least effective. Similarly, linear notes are still the  default format for note-taking  for most people, even though its  in many ways one of the least practical formats we could possibly choose.  Here are just a few of the biggest problems with linear notes: Linear notes can be extremely  monotonous, which makes them harder to memorize. Traditional note taking often feels laborious  for us  because it bores us  mentally while it exhausts us  physically (try writing for two hours straight and then see how your writing hand feels probably not great!) Lined paper encourages us  to write whole sentences, which is unnecessarily time-consuming and results in pages upon pages of information of which only a small percentage is actually important. Linear notes dont provide a good overview of a topic. We  often waste valuable time re-reading large chunks of our  notes when looking for  individual pieces of information. Once a page has been filled, its extremely hard to add additional information to it. We  are forced to squeeze it in between the lines or add it at the bottom of the page with an asterisk. And what about taking notes in Word documents? Research has shown that whereas taking more notes can be beneficial, laptop note takers’ tendency to transcribe lectures verbatim rather than processing information and reframing it in their own words is detrimental to learning. How to Take More Effective Notes with Mind Maps A mind map is a visual  diagram that lets you organize  your notes in a  two-dimensional  structure. As opposed to  linear notes, mind maps are usually created on a blank piece of paper or canvas, which is used in landscape mode instead of portrait. Instead of starting at the top left and filling the page until youve reached the bottom right, you start your mind map by writing the  subject or headline in  the center of the page; then you add your  notes in the form of branches that  radiate  outwards from the center. While this new way of making notes  may feel a bit odd at first, it offers a range of benefits, especially if your goal is to retain information: A mind map shows relationships, hierarchies and connections between individual pieces of information  at a glance. Mind maps  provide a great overview of a topic because they store all your notes related to that topic on one single page. Mind maps encourage you to take fewer yet more meaningful notes. While you create the map, your brain actively processes the information instead of just mindlessly transcribing it. Mind maps use a number of mental triggers such as images, icons, colors and a two-dimensional structure that help you memorize their contents. You can always go back and add more  details to your notes. Taking notes in a mind map is fun and feels more like doodling than actual work! Using mind mapping software such as MindMeister, you can also  attach additional notes, links and whole files to your map  and thus add a whole lot of information to it  without diminishing the great overview it  provides. If youve never worked with mind maps before and want a complete guide on how to get started with mind mapping, you can check out our free online mind map training on MindMeister.com. If youre already familiar with the basics, just keep reading to find out how to use mind maps to take effective notes  in different situations and contexts: 1. Live Mind Mapping at a Conference Lets say youre a marketer  attending a conference about growth hacking. Most likely, youre going for multiple reasons: to gain insights and learn new tricks from the speakers; to meet interesting people and make connections; or to join the discussion as a thought leader. A great way to do all of these things is by taking notes in a  mind map, and subsequently publishing and sharing your map. Heres how it works: Before the conference starts, create a folder in MindMeister and name it after the conference. Download the conference program and create a new, blank mind map for each of the talks. Open a mind map and create your first branch (topic) in the upper right corner. Note down the name of the speaker and add some details about him/her (such as his/her  company name, website and Twitter handle). If you can extract his/her portrait from the program, paste it into the branch as well. When a talk starts, open your prepared mind map to  take  notes, starting right below  the first branch youve already created and going clockwise around the center. Dont try to transcribe the speaker verbatim, and dont write down anything you dont actually find valuable and interesting. The goal is to have a visual summary of the key takeaways that makes sense both to yourself and someone who hasnt watched the talk yet. Instead of whole sentences, use keywords and short phrases whenever possible.  If needed, store longer explanations and details in the notes section of the topic. Indicate relationships between ideas by drawing arrows with the connection tool. Use icons, colors and font sizes to emphasize, highlight, number and group ideas. Add images to the topics, either by selecting images from the MindMeister library, by using  MindMeisters WunderBild  feature (this  instantly adds a matching image from Google),  by uploading an image from your computer or by pasting one from the internet. As soon as the talk is over and your mind map is complete publish the mind map to the web. This will automatically add it to MindMeisters Public Maps Universe. While youre at it, you can manually add it to the Biggerplate library for more exposure. To give your map even more exposure, copy the link of your public map and paste it into a new tweet. Export the map as a PNG or simply take a screenshot of it, and attach this image to the tweet as well. Lastly, add a description of the map as well as the event hashtag to it. Then tweet it. When youre back at work and want to quickly share what youve learned at the conference with your colleagues, you can either invite them to the maps  via email or turn the maps into slideshows and present them in a face-to-face meeting. If you decide to implement some of the ideas shared at the conference, you can easily export those ideas as actionable tasks into MeisterTask, MindMeisters integrated  task management system. 2. Mind Mapping a Video Cisco predicts that by 2017, videos will make up an incredible 69% of all consumer Internet traffic. Be it on YouTube or on an e-learning site such as Udemy, most of us  watch documentaries, tutorial videos, TED talks, debates and lectures online on a daily basis. But how much of this valuable information that we see on the screen do we actually remember? Even the most inspiring TED talk is easily forgotten if all we do is watch it once. Watching it multiple times may help us  remember it eventually, but really, who has the time to watch a video more than once nowadays? So heres what you can do: Instead of leaning back while you watch your next TED talk, copy the videos YouTube link and paste it into the center topic of a new, blank mind map. The video will automatically embed itself in the topic. Press the play button on the embedded video and take notes in the mind map while it plays, starting at about 1 oclock and going clockwise around the center. Then follow the same steps as outlined in the conference section. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Sir Ken Robinson: Do Schools Kill Creativity? on MindMeister. 3. Taking Notes While  Reading Many teachers are already aware that mind maps are a fantastic tool to help students improve reading comprehension. But taking notes in a map while reading is not only beneficial for students. Unless you  happen to have an incredible memory, chances are that simply reading a text is not enough if you want to remember details of its content long-term. After only weeks of finishing a book, were often left with all but a vague notion. If you want to ensure that your reading isnt just a nice activity  to  pass time, you need to come up with a system to preserve  all the valuable  ideas, insights and lessons you read, so they can  actually be utilized later on. Taking notes in a mind map while reading will help you to: gain a deeper understanding of the text make out connections you may otherwise have missed better remember what youve read refresh your memory  and look up details quickly. How to take notes in a mind map while reading For print books Create a new, blank mind map in MindMeister and write the title and author name in the center topic. Use the Google Image Search  or MindMeisters WunderBild feature to insert the cover of the book. While youre reading the first chapter, highlight those passages that you will  want to remember, for instance with a highlighter pen or by marking the passages with a pencil. When youve come to the end of the first chapter, go back to the beginning and start transcribing the highlighted passages into your mind map. Create the first topic  at about 1 oclock and go clockwise around the center. Try to stick to short phrases and single keywords in the topics of your map. You may have to shorten and rephrase sentences, but that in itself is a valuable process that will help you transfer the information into your long-term memory. It also helps to keep the mind map simple and clutter-free. If needed, store longer explanations in the notes section of the topic. Indicate relationships between ideas  with the connection tool. Use icons, colors and font sizes to emphasize, highlight and group ideas. Repeat these steps for each chapter of the book. For e-books If youre reading e-books on your Kindle or a similar e-book reader,  you can highlight  important passages in the text while youre reading it. Your highlights are all saved in the My Clippings.txt file, which you can  copy  to your computer using a USB cable once  youre finished reading. Then, all you have to do is open the file and copy-paste the individual highlights into your prepared mind map. The big advantage of this workflow is that you can comfortably read and highlight passages while youre on the go, for instance on your commute to work, and then import your highlights into the mind map when youre back in front of your computer. Take More Effective Notes Try MindMeister its free! Try MindMeister See also: How to Take Effective  Meeting Minutes with Mind Maps Take Better Notes in Class Using a Mind Map How to Take Effective Notes Using Mind Maps - Focus To add new information to our long-term memory, we need  to  process it, comprehend it, connect it with our existing mental frameworks, and review it multiple times. The ability to take effective notes forms the  basis for this process and is, therefore, an  invaluable skill both in academic and in business contexts. Unfortunately,  most of us are never actually taught how to take effective notes. But dont worry, in this article, well introduce  you to one of the most effective note-taking methods and show you exactly how to apply it in everyday life. The Problem with Linear Notes Think about it: Throughout our academic careers, from first grade through to graduation, we are told what to learn, but the standard curriculum hardly ever includes lessons on how to learn. This is why so many students still spend their study time highlighting passages in textbooks and summarizing chapters, when research has conclusively shown that those study methods are actually the least effective. Similarly, linear notes are still the  default format for note-taking  for most people, even though its  in many ways one of the least practical formats we could possibly choose.  Here are just a few of the biggest problems with linear notes: Linear notes can be extremely  monotonous, which makes them harder to memorize. Traditional note taking often feels laborious  for us  because it bores us  mentally while it exhausts us  physically (try writing for two hours straight and then see how your writing hand feels probably not great!) Lined paper encourages us  to write whole sentences, which is unnecessarily time-consuming and results in pages upon pages of information of which only a small percentage is actually important. Linear notes dont provide a good overview of a topic. We  often waste valuable time re-reading large chunks of our  notes when looking for  individual pieces of information. Once a page has been filled, its extremely hard to add additional information to it. We  are forced to squeeze it in between the lines or add it at the bottom of the page with an asterisk. And what about taking notes in Word documents? Research has shown that whereas taking more notes can be beneficial, laptop note takers’ tendency to transcribe lectures verbatim rather than processing information and reframing it in their own words is detrimental to learning. How to Take More Effective Notes with Mind Maps A mind map is a visual  diagram that lets you organize  your notes in a  two-dimensional  structure. As opposed to  linear notes, mind maps are usually created on a blank piece of paper or canvas, which is used in landscape mode instead of portrait. Instead of starting at the top left and filling the page until youve reached the bottom right, you start your mind map by writing the  subject or headline in  the center of the page; then you add your  notes in the form of branches that  radiate  outwards from the center. While this new way of making notes  may feel a bit odd at first, it offers a range of benefits, especially if your goal is to retain information: A mind map shows relationships, hierarchies and connections between individual pieces of information  at a glance. Mind maps  provide a great overview of a topic because they store all your notes related to that topic on one single page. Mind maps encourage you to take fewer yet more meaningful notes. While you create the map, your brain actively processes the information instead of just mindlessly transcribing it. Mind maps use a number of mental triggers such as images, icons, colors and a two-dimensional structure that help you memorize their contents. You can always go back and add more  details to your notes. Taking notes in a mind map is fun and feels more like doodling than actual work! Using mind mapping software such as MindMeister, you can also  attach additional notes, links and whole files to your map  and thus add a whole lot of information to it  without diminishing the great overview it  provides. If youve never worked with mind maps before and want a complete guide on how to get started with mind mapping, you can check out our free online mind map training on MindMeister.com. If youre already familiar with the basics, just keep reading to find out how to use mind maps to take effective notes  in different situations and contexts: 1. Live Mind Mapping at a Conference Lets say youre a marketer  attending a conference about growth hacking. Most likely, youre going for multiple reasons: to gain insights and learn new tricks from the speakers; to meet interesting people and make connections; or to join the discussion as a thought leader. A great way to do all of these things is by taking notes in a  mind map, and subsequently publishing and sharing your map. Heres how it works: Before the conference starts, create a folder in MindMeister and name it after the conference. Download the conference program and create a new, blank mind map for each of the talks. Open a mind map and create your first branch (topic) in the upper right corner. Note down the name of the speaker and add some details about him/her (such as his/her  company name, website and Twitter handle). If you can extract his/her portrait from the program, paste it into the branch as well. When a talk starts, open your prepared mind map to  take  notes, starting right below  the first branch youve already created and going clockwise around the center. Dont try to transcribe the speaker verbatim, and dont write down anything you dont actually find valuable and interesting. The goal is to have a visual summary of the key takeaways that makes sense both to yourself and someone who hasnt watched the talk yet. Instead of whole sentences, use keywords and short phrases whenever possible.  If needed, store longer explanations and details in the notes section of the topic. Indicate relationships between ideas by drawing arrows with the connection tool. Use icons, colors and font sizes to emphasize, highlight, number and group ideas. Add images to the topics, either by selecting images from the MindMeister library, by using  MindMeisters WunderBild  feature (this  instantly adds a matching image from Google),  by uploading an image from your computer or by pasting one from the internet. As soon as the talk is over and your mind map is complete publish the mind map to the web. This will automatically add it to MindMeisters Public Maps Universe. While youre at it, you can manually add it to the Biggerplate library for more exposure. To give your map even more exposure, copy the link of your public map and paste it into a new tweet. Export the map as a PNG or simply take a screenshot of it, and attach this image to the tweet as well. Lastly, add a description of the map as well as the event hashtag to it. Then tweet it. When youre back at work and want to quickly share what youve learned at the conference with your colleagues, you can either invite them to the maps  via email or turn the maps into slideshows and present them in a face-to-face meeting. If you decide to implement some of the ideas shared at the conference, you can easily export those ideas as actionable tasks into MeisterTask, MindMeisters integrated  task management system. 2. Mind Mapping a Video Cisco predicts that by 2017, videos will make up an incredible 69% of all consumer Internet traffic. Be it on YouTube or on an e-learning site such as Udemy, most of us  watch documentaries, tutorial videos, TED talks, debates and lectures online on a daily basis. But how much of this valuable information that we see on the screen do we actually remember? Even the most inspiring TED talk is easily forgotten if all we do is watch it once. Watching it multiple times may help us  remember it eventually, but really, who has the time to watch a video more than once nowadays? So heres what you can do: Instead of leaning back while you watch your next TED talk, copy the videos YouTube link and paste it into the center topic of a new, blank mind map. The video will automatically embed itself in the topic. Press the play button on the embedded video and take notes in the mind map while it plays, starting at about 1 oclock and going clockwise around the center. Then follow the same steps as outlined in the conference section. Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Sir Ken Robinson: Do Schools Kill Creativity? on MindMeister. 3. Taking Notes While  Reading Many teachers are already aware that mind maps are a fantastic tool to help students improve reading comprehension. But taking notes in a map while reading is not only beneficial for students. Unless you  happen to have an incredible memory, chances are that simply reading a text is not enough if you want to remember details of its content long-term. After only weeks of finishing a book, were often left with all but a vague notion. If you want to ensure that your reading isnt just a nice activity  to  pass time, you need to come up with a system to preserve  all the valuable  ideas, insights and lessons you read, so they can  actually be utilized later on. Taking notes in a mind map while reading will help you to: gain a deeper understanding of the text make out connections you may otherwise have missed better remember what youve read refresh your memory  and look up details quickly. How to take notes in a mind map while reading For print books Create a new, blank mind map in MindMeister and write the title and author name in the center topic. Use the Google Image Search  or MindMeisters WunderBild feature to insert the cover of the book. While youre reading the first chapter, highlight those passages that you will  want to remember, for instance with a highlighter pen or by marking the passages with a pencil. When youve come to the end of the first chapter, go back to the beginning and start transcribing the highlighted passages into your mind map. Create the first topic  at about 1 oclock and go clockwise around the center. Try to stick to short phrases and single keywords in the topics of your map. You may have to shorten and rephrase sentences, but that in itself is a valuable process that will help you transfer the information into your long-term memory. It also helps to keep the mind map simple and clutter-free. If needed, store longer explanations in the notes section of the topic. Indicate relationships between ideas  with the connection tool. Use icons, colors and font sizes to emphasize, highlight and group ideas. Repeat these steps for each chapter of the book. For e-books If youre reading e-books on your Kindle or a similar e-book reader,  you can highlight  important passages in the text while youre reading it. Your highlights are all saved in the My Clippings.txt file, which you can  copy  to your computer using a USB cable once  youre finished reading. Then, all you have to do is open the file and copy-paste the individual highlights into your prepared mind map. The big advantage of this workflow is that you can comfortably read and highlight passages while youre on the go, for instance on your commute to work, and then import your highlights into the mind map when youre back in front of your computer. Take More Effective Notes Try MindMeister its free! Try MindMeister See also: How to Take Effective  Meeting Minutes with Mind Maps Take Better Notes in Class Using a Mind Map

Successful Military Leader And Strategist - Free Essay Example

Liberation and tyranny are two seemingly very different topics, however, it is often difficult to distinguish between the two because they are based the viewpoint of an individual. What is considered tyranny to some may be considered liberation to others. The stance that an individual takes on either subject is solely dependent on their position in society. While a member of the upper-class believes that the society they live in is free of oppression, a lower-class member of that same society may feel as if their freedoms are heavily oppressed by other members of the society. The difference between liberation and tyranny is a matter of outlook. Alexander the Great, the king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon, is one of the worlds most successful military leader and strategist. Although the leaders of conquered nations more than likely viewed Alexander the Great as a tyrant, he should ultimately be remembered in history as a liberator due to his ability to unite his diverse and far-reaching empire, his acceptance and inclusion of conquered peoples culture and customs, and his ability to listen to and inspire his followers. An important aspect of Alexander the Greats empire that was a key factor in its existence was his willingness to adopt the different beliefs and practices of the nations that he conquered and merging them with his own (Berg). This is something that was unlikely to happen in ancient times and even more unlikely for a tyrant to due. The reason being is that at first glance, it would seem easier to someone who has just conquered a nation to simply strip the conquered nation of their culture and instill their own personal beliefs and values. This would be something that a tyrant would do. A liberator would instead look for a way to ensure that the transition of their newly conquered peoples is as smooth and uneventful as possible. This is exactly what Alexander the Great did and accomplished. By taking the time to learn and respect the values and beliefs of nations that he conquered, he effectively minimalized the possibility of a future rebellion against his rule which would almost cert ainly crumple his entire empire. Alexander was certain to ensure that this kindness was not to be viewed as a weakness. While those who accepted his rule had very little to fear, those who resisted were brutally and publically dealt with (Mark). In order to maintain control and unity of his massive empire, Alexander the Great understood that he would need to assign a different ruler to watch over sections of his empire, since he could not possibly rule over it all by himself. Alexander the Great was very gifted in judging the character of those that he met. This skill was vital to ensuring that those he appointed to rule would rule to his standard. On occasion, the selection of rulers for various parts of his empire were unorthodox. An example of one of these occasions can be observed during Alexanders conquest through India. While some tribes throughout India submitted to Alexander without a fight, others chose to stand their ground and fight for what was theirs. At the Battle of Hydaspes River in 326 BCE, Alexander the Great met King Porus of Paurava. Alexander was so impressed with how bravely and relentlessly Porus fought, that after defeating him, Alexander appointed him to rule over a larger part of his empire than Porus had previously ruled (Mark). By appointing Porus as a ruler of his empire after he had initially resisted, Alexander showcased his ability to swallow his own pride and make decisions that are in the best interests of his empire. A tyrant would have almost certainly destroyed Porus for his blatant resistance, but Alexander recognized the benefits that appointing Porus to rule over part of his empire offered. The bond that a leader has with their subordinates can make or break their team. Subordinates who feel as if they have no connection to their leader or as if their leader does not care for them will not feel unified and will not be able to effectively work together towards a common goal. Alexander the Great was very skilled at creating and maintaining a bond between himself and his soldiers. After battles, Alexander would interact with many soldiers who had been injured and would have them explain the part that they played in the battle and to describe the events that led to their injuries (Berg). Interactions as simple as this between leader and follower go a long way in creating a connection between them that will help them push through the toughest of times. If Alexander the Great did not have such a powerful bond with his soldiers, it is likely that they would have lost motivation and would eventually quit fighting because they would soon lose sight of why they are fighting in th e first place. A leader needs to be able to make decisions based on not only their own personal agenda, but with the interests of their followers in mind as well. Alexander the Great was a leader who led by example. When his soldiers underwent hardships, he would undergo the same hardships. If his soldiers were starving or were on foot because their horses had been killed in battle, Alexander the Great would make sure that he was on the same page as them (Vries). This sort of compassion and respect for subordinates is a characteristic that tyrants do not possess. It is something that only a true leader and liberator is able to execute properly. Apart from leading from the front, Alexander was also able to make tactical decisions based on the needs and wishes of his soldiers. Following the Battle of the Hydaspes River, Alexander the Great had planned on pushing further into India by crossing the Ganges River. Alexanders soldiers were not pleased with this plan as they believed that once they crossed the Ganges River, the fighting that they had endured would seemingly never end. They were beginning to question their own personal motives for fighting and failed to justify the seemingly never-ending continuance of battle as they pushed through India (Curtius). Alexander attempted to persuade his soldiers to continue on, but he had ultimately failed to regain their motivation. He succumbed to their wishes and ended up halting their conquest through India (Mark). By listening to his soldiers wishes, Alexander more than likely gained even more respect from them than he already had. This is another example of how Alexander the Great is able to put the well-being of his followers above his own personal wishes. Alexander the Great quickly discovered that an effective way to inspire his followers was to fight on the front lines alongside them. In fact, it was by doing this that he first stood out to those around him as a gifted soldier and leader. He often put himself directly in harms way in battle. An example of this can be observed during a siege of a hostile fortress where he unexpectedly used a ladder to reach the top of the fortress in order to gain access and begin the assault. While performing this seemingly suicidal act, Alexander sustained multiple wounds from rocks being thrown at him and from arrows. As seemingly reckless as this was, Alexander was able to continuously remind his fellow soldiers why he was the one in charge (Garvey). This kind of leadership was certainly the most effective for this era because of the lack of technology. In the 21st century, leaders are able to communicate with their people at all times with the help of technology. They can deliver speeches, updates, and personal messages as they see fit. In Alexanders era, the only way he could communicate with his people was directly or through word of mouth. Due to the massive size of his empire, it was very difficult for him to directly inspire the majority of his followers. By performing these courageous acts in battle with his soldiers as witness, Alexander the Great knew that his military feats would be spread throughout his empire by word of mouth and would effectively build an image of himself that would be able to inspire his followers even if he was thousands of miles away. When historians look back at Alexander the Great, he should be remembered as a liberator, not a tyrant, because of his ability to unite his diverse empire, his willingness to include the various cultures and belief systems of conquered nations in his empire, and his ability to listen to and inspire his many followers. A tyrant is an individual who seizes power by force and rules in an oppressive way. While Alexander the Great did seize many nations by force, the nations that succumbed to him with little resistance knew they had nothing to fear as Alexander would allow them to continue their way of life, as long as it did not negatively affect his great empire. Alexander was able to unite his empire through his methods of creating a bond between himself and the people that followed him, an accomplishment that was very difficult in this era. The bond that Alexander the Great created effectively united the various nations in his empire to work towards a common goal. Finally, the most convincing argument for why Alexander is not a tyrant is because of how he listened to his followers and was able to make important decisions with their well-beings in mind. A tyrant would simply force their will on their subordinates and would certainly not make decisions based on how their followers feel. All in all, the world can learn many great lessons by observing Alexander the Greats life. He demonstrated many different leadership traits that military leaders of today can study and learn from.